If you have a chip in your windshield, it is necessary that you get it repaired as soon as possible. A small chip in your windshield can turn into a big crack quite quickly. After the first layer of your windshield is penetrated, it is likely to crack out causing further damage and the need for a costly replacement. Repairing your windshield when you notice a chip will save you money in the long run. You can call a windshield repair company, or do it yourself. They usually sell inexpensive windshield repair kits at your local auto parts store.
What You’ll Need To Repair A Chip Or Crack In Your Windshield
You can purchase a windshield repair kit (such as this one) from your local auto parts store, which will include all the necessary tools and supplies.
A Mirror to Place on the Inside of the Glass
A Bridge & Injector
Repair Resin
Pit Filler
Plastic Curing Tab
Razor Blade
How To Repair The Windshield Chip Or Crack
The first step is to prep the chip and windshield for repair, use an alcohol pad to clean the area, and gently scribe out any loose glass from the “impact point”.
Next, hook your mirror up on the inside of the windshield, centered on the chip you are going to be repairing. This will allow you to keep an eye on the chip from all angles, which is very helpful with all glass repairs.
You want to center your bridge or whatever tool you are using directly on the chip. You basically want to create a seal over the area of the chip that is missing glass.
After you effectively have created a seal around the chip, put 3-8 drops of resin into the injector area.
Next, Use the injector to push the resin into the chip. You should be able to see it start to clear up through your mirror. Keep an eye on it, releasing air and re-injecting the resin when needed. Leave it alone for about 5-10 minutes.
Be sure to keep the area covered if you are in direct sunlight, as you do not want the resin to cure prematurely.
After you have let it sit, and it appears as if the chip has cleared up, you can remove the bridge.
The repair is just about complete, but we still need to fill in the “pit” of the chip. The pit is the area where little bits of glass are missing. This step will give the glass a smooth finish once again. Get your pit filler, and drop a tiny bit directly on the impact point. Grab a plastic curing tab, and place over the area. Leave alone in direct sunlight for a minute or so to let it cure.
Grab a razor blade, and hold it securely upright. Scrape off all excess pit filler, leaving only the area where glass was missing filled.
You can even go an extra step and use a light polish on the area to be sure that the area is flush.
Cosmetically windshield repairs clear up anywhere from 30%-80% depending on many variables. Age, Moisture, dirt, location, and temperature all play a roll in the appearance of a repaired chip. Structurally, the glass should be back up to 100%.
Have you tried repairing a chip or crack in your own windshield? Let us know your tips and tricks in the comments section below.
This post is based on How to Repair Your Windshield by Austin Windshield Repair (view original here) and has been modified and used under the Creative Commons license CC BY NC SA.
There are plenty of DIY Dremel-style rotary tool ideas available on the internet but there isn’t really anything that is powerful enough or usable in the long term, while still looking good! So here are plans to make your own 3D Printed Dremel-style rotary tool which is compact and light, yet powerful enough for 90% of the things you’ll need to do and makes much less noise than commercial ones.
The design was done by Makernaut who used Fusion 360 for the 3D CAD model. The front part has a groove for more control while doing detailed work. It has a snap fit which makes it detachable for changing tool bits. The rest of the casing is made up of 2 parts stuck together using adhesive and holds the motor and pcb with ventilation holes for cooling.
What You’ll Need To Build Your Own Dremel-Style Rotary Tool
3D Printer or 3D Printed Parts
12V DC Motor: Listed as 6000 rpm, RS-550S Motor. Diameter~37mm – Buy Here
To start off with, you’ll need to print the 3 parts which make up the casing. You can either print these using your own 3D printer or use a printing service such as 3D Hubs.
The parts should be printed with PLA with a 0.2mm layer height.
Assemble The Components
Sand and Finish the parts to get the right fit and remove irregularities. Especially the snap fit at the front cover. You could also temporarily connect the motor to a 12V battery and chuck, and use the tool bit for sanding.
Don’t forget to wear appropriate safety equipment.
After sanding and finishing, Paint the lower-part with Black Rubber Automotive Paint for a nice grip and aesthetics. Apply 4 coats for a nice soft-touch feel. Paint outside in open area and use safety gear.
Solder the wires to motor terminals, the other ends go to the ‘Motor +/-’ terminals on the PWM controller circuit board.
Pass 2 wires through the smaller hole at the end of the ‘lower-part’ and through the small triangular hook as shown in image. Then connect one end to the ‘Power +/-’ terminals on the circuit board and other end to a 12V power supply.
Turn on the 12V supply to ensure that the motor turns counter-clockwise. If not, switch the wires going into ‘Motor +/-’ terminals.
Using 2 machine screws provided with the motor (usually M3 screws), secure the motor to the front side of the casing.
Remove the potentiometer cap from the PWM controller and insert it through the hole at the end of the lower casing. Using a minimum of two M3 self tapping screws, secure the PWM controller board to the lower casing.
Tuck the motor wires in, and stick the lower casing to the other half casing by applying adhesive at the edges.
Insert the chuck on the motor shaft and secure it. Snap on the front plastic cover. Put the potentiometer cap back on.
Your Rotary Tool Is Now Ready To Use
Cut, Engrave, Sand, Polish, Drill many materials including most Plastics, Woods, relatively Soft Metals like Aluminium.
Smaller tool bits fit in directly, but for larger bits either you may sand the opening hole of the front cover or not use the front cover. The front cover is mostly for holding the rotary tool closer to the tool bits to give more control.
Have you tried making your own rotary tool? Let us know in the comments section below!
This post is based on 3d Printed DIY Dremel-style Rotary Tool by Makernaut and is modified and used under the Creative Commons license CC BY NC SA.
Why would anybody want bats in their yard? Here are three great reasons! Bats are attracted to flower nectar just like bees and (like bees) pollinate as they visit from flower to flower. Since they “work the night shift,” bats pollinate all night like bees do all day. Secondly, bat poop is incredibly rich in nutrients, bat droppings have an ideal ratio of NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, the elements required for plant growth, ) and have a high percentage of living organisms, making it a natural fungicide which destroys nematode worms. Finally, but most importantly, is pest control – bats feast on as many as 1,200 insects each hour and mosquitoes are a major part of their diet. If you’ve ever grown your own garden, you know how difficult it can be to combat bugs, particularly if you are committed to avoiding harmful pesticides. Bats eat the bugs responsible for wreaking havoc on your garden.
Bat houses give females a safe, warm place to raise their young. Because bats typically only have one pup each year, populations are slow to grow. Plus, because of habitat loss, bats are finding it harder to find places to roost during the day and to raise their young. By installing a bat house, you give these pups a chance to survive and for populations to be healthy. And all those healthy bats mean we can use less pesticide on our plants—a win win for everyone.
Without bats, humans would be in trouble. Bats help control insect populations, reseed deforested land, and pollinate plants, including many that we eat. Researchers and scientists also learn from bats to improve medicine and technology. As population encroaches on forested areas, loss of habitat has endangered many species of bats. Building a bat house provides a safe place for bats to live and a nursery for their young.
So, let’s get started to make a proper, weather-tight bat house with good ventilation and proper dimensions.
What You’ll Need To Build A Bat House
You can use most any wood, but cedar is recommended for its weather resistance and insect repelling properties. I am typically against painting cedar, but a good skin of outdoor water-based latex paint will add years of life to your bat house. You will want to use liberal amounts of yellow carpenter’s glue or silicone caulk – or use both to provide as dry an interior as possible.
1 x 1m (3’) Long 25mm x 200mm (1″ x 8″) Cedar Plank
1 x 60cm x 60cm (2’ x 2’) Sheet of T-111 Exterior Plywood.
1 x 2.5m (8’) Long 25mm x 150mm (1″ x 6″) Cedar Plank
1 x 100mm x 100mm (4’ x 4’) Sheet 6mm (¼”) Plastic Mesh
1 x 180cm (6’) Long 25mm x 100mm (1″ X 4″) Cedar Plank
46 x 40mm (1 5/8″) #8 Galvanized Wood Screws.
2 x 90cm (3’) Long 25mm x 25mm (1″ x 1″) Cedar Plank
Silicone Sealant
Paint and Paint Brush
Electric Drill, Saw, Measuring Tools, Heavy Duty Stapler
How To Make The Bat Box
Choosing & Cutting The Lumber
The plans for this bat house come from Florida Bat Conservancy (view site here) who do great things for the conservation of bat populations.
From: Florida Bat Conservancy
From the 25mm x 150mm (1×6), cut six 355mm (14″) sections for the front and back panels of the bat house.
From the 25mm x 200mm (1×8), cut one 405mm (16″) section for the roof and one 355mm (14″) section for the back.
From the 25mm x 25mm (1×1) cut four 430mm (17″) sections. These will be used as spacers to secure the partitions.
From the 25mm x 100mm (1×4), cut one additional 355mm (14″) section for the back.
From the remaining piece of the 25mm x 100mm (1×4) cut two sections for the sides. One end of each piece will be cut at a 30-degree angle for the roof. This can be done by cutting each piece with a front length of 545mm (21½”) and a back length of 600mm (23½”).
From the T-111 or plywood sheet, cut a 430mm x 305mm (17″x12″) section for the back partition, and a 405mm x 305mm (16″x12″) section for the front partition. If a larger piece of plywood is available, these two pieces can be cut 320mm (12½”) in width to provide a flush fit at either side.
The plans were accurate, so cutting all of the pieces can be done without regrets. Having everything pre-cut helps dry fitting pieces; the dry-fitting process helps visualize how the project comes together.
Putting The Pieces Together
Before any assembly, plan your steps so you can anticipate when glue is needed or best time to apply caulk. As pieces come together, it can become difficult to spread glue or apply caulk into tight spaces.
You can score the interior pieces (cut a very shallow groove every 15mm (1/2″) or so) to give the bats something to climb on/cling to – or you can staple a plastic mesh material to interior surfaces . . . most folks go with the mesh. Just make sure you don’t cover up your grooving or the mesh with paint – it renders it unusable by the bats.
After fastening mesh material, everything goes together using construction screws. You can use any type of screw, however, it should be a wood screw, it should be weather resistant, and it should be short enough to avoid poking through to leave exposed screw tips to harm the bats. A construction screw works well – it not only stands up to outdoor conditions, it has a six-pointed star drive which will not spin out during installation (important when using heavy lumber that this project calls for.) Don’t have a star drive bit for your drill? No problem – a bit is usually packed with a box of these screws.
Pre-drill all holes to prevent splitting wood. Use a drill bit slightly smaller in diameter than your screw. Seat each screw firmly making sure you don’t leave any exposed screw tips to harm bats. Spread glue just before screwing; clamping is not necessary if screwed properly, however using clamps sometimes helps hold pieces firmly while you pre-drill holes and install screws.
All joints receive a coating of waterproof carpentry glue. When the glue dries, all corners receive a generous bead of silicone caulk; you should plan to do one or the other, but I recommend doing both to ensure a dry interior and extended life.
Place the two side pieces on a table with the long sides up and 355mm (14″) apart (outside to outside). It is recommended that glue or caulking be used as the bat house is assembled to strengthen and weatherproof it.
Place one of the 355mm x 150mm (14″ X 6″) pieces on top and align it with the bottom of the two side pieces. Fasten it with two wood screws on each side. Repeat the process with a 150mm (6″), 100mm (4″), 150mm (6″) and 200mm (8″) piece, in that order. This will place the 200mm (8″) piece at the top of the bat house.
Now turn the bat house over so it is laying on its back. Drill one hole at the top, and one hole bottom. These will be used for mounting the bat house to a post or building – skip these holes if you plan to use a French cleat mounting system. If you do drill the holes, they should be located in the center and 50mm (2″) from the edge.
If plastic mesh is being used, cut two sections of plastic mesh the same dimensions as the plywood partitions. Staple the mesh to the plywood using vertical rows of staples. The side with the mesh will face the front of the bat house. Cut a section of plastic mesh and place it on the back wall of the bat house. Fasten the mesh with vertical rows of staples.
Position the 25mm x 25mms (1X1’s) in the left and right-hand corners with the bottom ends located 115mm (4½”) from the bottom of the bat house. This will create a landing pad. Place the 430mm (17″) partition with the rough or mesh covered side up on top of the two 25x25s (1X1’s) already in position. Use three wood screws in each; one in the center and the other two a little from each end. Make sure the top wood screw securely attaches the 25×25 (1X1) to the board on the back wall. This will add strength to the bat house
Position the remaining two 25x25s (1X1’s) on each side of the partition directly above the previous two. Place the 405mm (16″) partition on top (rough or mesh side up); allowing 25mm (1″) of the previous 25x25s (1X1’s) to show at the bottom. This open space makes it easier for bats to crawl into the forward crevices. Now fasten the plywood section and 25x25s (1X1’s) using two screws on each side. Locate them about 40mm (1½”) from the top and bottom of the plywood partition to avoid the screws underneath.
Place the beveled board at the top of the front, aligning the beveled edge with the 30 degree angle of the two side pieces. Fasten it using two screws on each side. Repeat using a second board. Locate the third and final board about 12mm (½”) down from the previous one to form a gap for the vent. This vent is important as it creates different temperature zones inside the bat house – bats will gravitate to different temperatures depending on maternal status, age, etc. and the vent gives them that choice.
Center the roof section such that there is equal overhang on each side. Fasten it to the side pieces using two screws on each side. The roof should be caulked where it meets the back wall. Adding roofing material and painting the bat house will greatly extend its life.
Paint color and texture also regulates bat house temperature. Paint color should be black where average high temperatures in July are less than 30°C (85°F), dark colors (such as dark brown or dark gray) where they are 30°C (85°F) to 35°C (95° F), medium colors where they are 35°C (95°F) to 38°C (100°F) and white or light colors where they exceed 38°C (100°F). Much depends upon amount of sun exposure; adjust to darker colors for less sun. For the interior, use two coats dark, exterior grade, water-based stain. Apply stain after creating scratches or grooves or prior to stapling plastic mesh. Paint fills grooves, making them unusable. Use exterior-quality, water-based stain or latex paint, and choose flat paint rather than gloss or semi-gloss paint for best solar absorption.
Mounting The Bat House
The bat house can be mounted on a post or the side of a building using the holes drilled above and three lag bolts. Alternately, a “T” brace using a cleat for the cross member can be used and anchored to a second cross member using screws in both lower corners. A large galvanized or stainless steel washer (fender washer) is recommended to protect the wood. Mounting on trees is not recommended because they have proven to be the least successful location for bat houses. Bat houses should be located at least three meters or ten feet above ground. Experience indicates the higher the bat house is mounted the more likely it will get bats; optimum elevation is between 3.5m and 6m (12 and 20 feet) above ground level.
You’re up and ready for bats. The research suggests it can take as long as a year for bats to adopt a new bat house. Bat houses can be installed at any time of the year, but they are more likely to be used during their first summer if installed before the bats return in spring. When using bat houses in conjunction with excluding bats from a building, install the bat houses at least two to six weeks before the actual eviction, if possible.
If you still have trouble with pugs and pests in your garden, have a look at our recipe for an all natural homemade pesticide.
This post is based on Bat House by JanM46 and is used under the Creative Commons Public Domain license.
Whether you are learning about astronomy, or you just like to keep track of the next werewolf cycle, this moon phase lamp is for you! This guide shows you how to make an Arduino based lamp which displays the phases of the moon. It is a really unique looking lamp which can also be used as a night light.
It can be programmed as a display piece cycling through the moon phases or it can be programmed to follow the lunar cycle and depict the phases of the moon in real time.
This project assumes you know the basics of Arduino programming, otherwise read our article on getting started with Arduino.
What You Need To Build A Phases Of The Moon Lamp
Micro USB Cable To Power & Program The Lamp – Buy Here
The guide is broken up into three steps, 3D printing the lamp components, assembling the electronics and finally programming the Arduino.
3D Printing The Lamp Components
The Moon Phase Lamp is made up of 3 main parts. The zip file containing the 3D print models can be downloaded here – 3D Print Files.
The first thing you will want to do is print the two halves of the moon as they take a while to complete. You should get good results printing it in white ABS with no supports. Print it with 4 shells (Layers) to keep it transparent, but thick enough to hold it’s shape.
The divider in the middle divides the light into 12 parts. It is also designed to work perfectly with the 12 LED Neopixel light ring. For best results, print it with black filament to better separate the light between phases but if you only have white filament then that works fine as well. The white plastic, however, bleeds light to the other sections quite a bit. Make sure to keep the doors of your 3D printer closed and the fans off during this print as it is very thin and therefore susceptible to warping.
Assembling The Electronics
The electronic connections are really straight forward, you need to just solder the terminals of the LED ring onto the terminals on the Arduino using a few short pieces of wire.
Following the schematic you will find that it’s pretty easy to wire the moon lamp.
The USB cable can be either directly connected to the battery terminals or simply plugged into the micro USB port if you wish. If it is plugged into the micro USB port, it will also allow you to upload different sketches without taking anything apart. Just plug it into your computer to change the Arduino code.
Whatever you decide to just just don’t forget to feed the cord through the top moon half or you will have a hard time putting it together later.
Programming The Arduino
Now it’s time to load the code onto the Arduino. Plug your USB cable into the micro USB port on the Arduino. Upload the sketch below and the lights should start to work. This code simplistically runs through the lunar cycle with a 1 second delay between phases.
To get the code to simulate a true lunar cycle, you need it to cycle through the 24 LED phases in a lunar cycle of 29.53 days by increasing the two delays to – 29.53 x 24 x 60 x 60 x 1000 / 24 = 106 308 000 milliseconds duration between LED light changes.
// The DIY Life
// Michael Klements
// 04/05/2017
#include <Adafruit_NeoPixel.h>
#ifdef __AVR__
#include <avr/power.h>
#endif
int pin = 0; //Which pin is the Neopixels attached to
int numPixels = 12; //How many NeoPixels are attached to the Arduino
Adafruit_NeoPixel pixels = Adafruit_NeoPixel(numPixels, pin, NEO_GRB + NEO_KHZ800); //When we create the pixels object, we need to tell it how many pixels there are and which pin it is connected to.
void setup()
{
pixels.begin();
}
void loop()
{
for (int i=0 ; i<numPixels ; i++)
{
pixels.setPixelColor(i, pixels.Color(255,255,255)); //Send RGB colour values for white
pixels.show(); //Change the LED ring to the selected colour
delay(1000);
}
for (int i=0 ; i<NUMPIXELS ; i++)
{
pixels.setPixelColor(i, pixels.Color(0,0,0)); //Send RGB colour values for black/off
pixels.show();
delay(1000);
}
}
You can download the basic moon lamp code here – Moon_Simple.
Assemble The Lamp
Now comes time to assemble the lamp. Place the light divider inside of the bottom half of the lamp. Now set the electronics into place. You will notice that there is a ring that holds everything in place. Make sure to align the LEDs so that one fits between each divider.
Once the electronics are in place add a dab of glue to hold it in place. Then support the board as you feed the top half through the cord. Add some hot glue around the edges of the moon halves and carefully put them together.
If you don’t get the alignment correct the first time, simply heat the glue up with a hair dryer or heat gun and you should be able to move it slightly.
Now plug the moon lamp into your computer and watch the cycles of the moon.
This post is based on Moon Phase Lamp by The Modern Inventor and is modified and used under the Creative Commons license CC BY NC SA.
If you’re a fan of pretty notebooks and use a lot of them, here’s a guide to learn how to make your own stitched pocket notebook for next to nothing! Now you’ll never run out and there are loads of options for cool covers. Think about using atlas pages, old sheet music and comic books as well!
What You’ll Need To Make A Stitched Pocket Notebook
Thick paper or thin cardboard for the cover
Lined or blank paper for the inside
Paper cutter or Exacto knife, cutting mat and ruler
Awl, old seam ripper, or other sharp, thin tool
Sewing needle
Sewing thread
Scissors
How To Make Your Own Stitched Pocket Notebook
First, cut the cover to size. Try using thick paper with a nice double-sided print on it. You can use lots of different types of thick paper or thin cardboard, just make sure that it is thick enough to hold its shape, but still thin enough to fold nicely.
Cut pieces of about 18 by 12 centimeters (7 by 5 inch) for each cover. This results in a finished notebook of 9 by 12 centimeters (3,5 by 5 inch), which is a good size to fit in your back pocket. But of course you can make any size that you like.
Next, cut the paper to fill the notebook. We are using an A4 (letter size) notepad with lined paper and taking 6 sheets of paper for each notebook. But you can also use blank paper or grid paper, and use more or less sheets.
Fold the top sheet in half to mark the center, making sure to line up the lines. Then cut the stack of 6 sheets in half so that you end up with 12 sheets. Make sure to cut the paper right on that fold, in between two lines, so that the lines on the paper will line up when I put the two stacks together.
Leave the sheets the size they are, which is too big for the cover, so that you can cut them to the exact right size once you assemble the notebook.
Fold all the sheets in half, taking 3 or 4 sheets at a time. With the12 sheets of paper, you’ll end up with 24 pages in your notebook, meaning you have 48 sides to write on.
Fold the cover in half as well.
To prepare for the stitching, make holes in the back of the notebook, through all the layers of paper. This will make the stitching a lot easier.
We’re using the sharp point of an old seam ripper to do this, but you can also use an awl if you have one, or another sharp and thin tool. Start in the middle and work your way out, making the holes on top of the lines to make sure they are nicely spaced. Make an uneven number of holes for the best stitching results.
Thread your needle with normal sewing thread and double it up. Start on the inside of the notebook, at what will be the bottom side, and go out through the first hole. Go into the second hole and tie a double knot with the tail. Don’t cut the tail off yet, because you’ll need it later.
While you’ve got your needle and cotton out, you may want to have a look at our 10 minute pillow covers. They’re the perfect craft to practice your sewing skills.
Continue by going out through the third hole, into the fourth, out through the fifth, etcetera. When you come to the top, work your way back down, passing the sections you have not covered yet.
When you reach the bottom again, you’ll end up at the same hole as the tail. Tie another double knot with the tail, and cut off the ends.
With the notebook folded open, cut the top and bottom of the paper to size. You can use a paper cutter or an exacto knife and a ruler will work just as well.
Next, cut the sides to size. Close the notebook first, because if you do this while the notebook is still open, the edges won’t line up when you close it.
And that’s all there’s to it! This is a pretty quick and easy project, and if you set up a little assembly line you can very quickly whip up a whole bunch of these.
How about making your own soap, try out our beer soap recipe as a perfect gift for a father or special man in your life.
This post is based on Pocket Notebooks by Crafts with Ellen and is modified and used under the Creative Commons license CC BY NC SA.
Glass cutting is a fascinating skill that a lot of people try, but quickly give up on. Here is a complete guide to cutting glass along with some helpful hints. The best way to learn to cut glass is through practice.
It is always best to practice on a few smaller scraps before trying your main cut, especially if you are cutting a large sheet which could be costly to replace if you crack it.
The first step is to measure. If you are cutting a piece for a frame, window or a mirror then you probably don’t need to be extremely accurate but it helps to be within a couple of millimeters (1/10″ or so). An important thing to keep in mind when you are using your cutter up against a straight edge is that the cutting wheel is about 1 or 2mm from the edge of the cutter. If your cuts need to be accurate then you’ll need to take this into account when lining up your edge and your measurement markings.
Once you have marked your glass and your edge is lined up for the cut you wish to make, you need to lubricate the line. Spray some WD40 into the cap or a small cup, you can also use any thin type of workshop oil, then use a small brush to brush some along the line you are going to be cutting. You don’t need a lot but it should run the length of the line.
Wear safety glasses when scoring the glass. Although unlikely, there is a possibility that tiny shards are shot up by the cutting wheel which may damage your eyes.
To demonstrate the importance of oil, the below image shows a few cuts made with and without oil. The line on the far left was made without oil, the middle one with oil brushed before cutting and the last (far right) by a cutter with a built in oil dispenser.
If you do a dry cut on thick glass, you’ll actually hear it crackling as the cutter moves over the surface. It also throws up tiny chips and leaves a rough line.
Once you have lubricated the line, its time to score the glass with the cutter. Keep the edge of the cutter pressed up against the straight edge, slight pressure on the tip, the cutter tilted slightly towards you and run down the length of the line in a single stroke.
If by some chance a portion of the line has not been made, you can try to run over that part again but ideally it should be done in one move. Any portion that is run over again is a potential place for the cut to run astray from your cutting line.
To get a good feel for the amount of pressure you should be putting on the tip of the cutter, place a small scrap sheet on a digital scale and zero it. Now press the cutter down onto the centre of the glass until the scale reads around 2800 grams (100oz). Try to keep this amount of pressure on the cutter throughout the cut.
If you’ve done the above steps correctly, you should now have a nice clean score and breaking the glass will be easy. If you haven’t cut glass before, this step can be a bit intimidating so you may want to practice on a smaller section.
If you are not confident in your glass cutting abilities yet, you may want to wear leather gloves to avoid cutting your hands.
The easiest and safest way to “break” the sheet along the cut is to place the handle of your cutter (or another thin roundish object) directly underneath the score mark near the edge.
Place a palm on the glass on each side of the cutter and then push firmly downwards until the glass pops apart. With practice, this should happen with only a small amount of pressure.
Be careful of the newly cut edge as it will be extremely sharp! If you are not immediately mounting the glass into a window frame or picture frame, run over the edges with an electric sander to smooth the sharp edges.
Good luck and happy cutting.
If you’d like to try out your new cutting skills on a project, have a look at this DIY designer mirror to instantly upgrade your lounge or dining room.
This post is based on How to Cut Glass by Duplo for Daddies and is modified and used under the Creative Commons license CC BY NC SA.
Have you been wanting to try out harvesting wind energy to power your home but you’ve been put off by the excessive price of commercially available wind turbines? Here’s a guide to building your own vertical axis wind turbine out of scraps most of us have lying around the house. If you don’t have the materials lying around, they are cheaply available from your local hardware store. The benefit of a vertical axis wind turbine is that it doesn’t need to be aligned to the wind direction, it harnesses wind energy no matter which direction the wind is blowing.
We’ve split the guide to making the turbine up into four sections, making the turbine blades, making the structure, mounting the blades and finally adding the generator. You start working on the frame while you are waiting for the blades to soak and dry through various stages.
Shaping The Turbine Blades
To start off, you need to shape the turbine blades. To do this, you need to make the plywood workable by soaking it overnight in cold water. You could place them on a step in the pool, in a pond or in the bathtub. Make sure they are completely covered and that water is able to get in between the individual sheets.
The next day, once the plywood has soaked overnight, it should be ready to be shaped. To shape the plywood, tie the sheets, two together, around a large diameter tree trunk. The tree trunk should be around 60-80cm (24-30″) in diameter. Make sure that the sheets are held tightly around the trunk and allow them to dry off for about a day. Line up the corners of the planks so that they are all at the same height and pitch so that all three are shaped equally.
Once the wood is almost dry, use a spirit level to draw a line across the tops and bottoms of the blades and cut the corners off to shape them further. Use a wood saw to cut the corners off.
Now you are ready to form the aerofoil shape of the blades.
Insert the lengths of pipe between two sheets of plywood, screw the plywood onto the pipe using 6 wood screws on each length. You could also add some strong glue such as contact adhesive to improve the bond.
Glue and tape the trailing edge of the plywood sheets together.
Cut the ends of the flexible pipe flush with the plywood and then cut out some cardboard end covers, tape these over the ends of the blades to contain the foam. Leave a gap near the trailing edge for the foam to be added.
Now fill the blades with foam making sure that they foam goes all the way to the front and the back. The foam helps to keep the blades rigid and to keep their form. It is important to make sure that each blade gets the same amount of foam so that they are all the same weight otherwise your end turbine will be unbalanced and will shake or get damaged at high speed.
The next day, remove the wood screws and the end caps and sand the foam smooth to give the blades their final shape.
Fill in any gaps and ridges with wood filler or a sand-able putty.
Once the body filler has cured, sand the blades to a smooth finish by starting with a course (80 grit) sandpaper and working down to a fine (240 grit) sandpaper.
Finally, finish the blades off with a coat of automotive primer and then a coat of UV resistant spray paint.
Making The Blade Support Structure
The pipe structure is made using galvanised pipes and pipe fittings. The base of the structure on which the turbine rotates is an old washing machine chassis with a double bearing system.
Start by assembling the 6 blade holding arms. At the end of each length of the six 50cm (20″) galvanised pipes, you need to make up a screw on section. Cut the threaded rod into 6 pieces and then use body filler to seat the threaded rod firmly into the centre of the galvanised pipe. Place a nut and washer at the root of the threaded rod for extra support. There should be enough threaded rod sticking out of the pipe to go through the thickest portion of the blades along with space for the two washers and two nuts, around 70cm (28″) should be sufficient.
Next assemble the galvanised piping and connectors as shown below. There are three arms at the top joined by the threaded nipples and then three arms lower down separated by the short piece of galvanised piping.
Finish the frame off by adding the washing machine bearing chassis.
Stand the frame up vertically and space the arms out in pairs such that the three pairs are exactly equidistant from each other.
Once you’ve finished spacing the arms correctly, lock all of the galvanised fittings with some thread locker or glue and then you can spray the frame to match the turbine blades.
Mounting The Turbine Blades
Start by ensuring that the frame is exactly level using a spirit level and adding or removing packing as required.
Mark out mounting holes for the threaded rods to go through the blades on each blade and then drill the holes slightly larger than the threaded rods so that there is some room for adjustment.
Place a nut and washer onto the inside and the outside of each threaded rod with the turbine blade seated in between them. Use a spirit level to ensure that the blades are level before fastening the nuts.
The blades should all be equally spaces and the same height once they are installed on the frame.
Add some silicon sealant to the inside and outside of the nuts and bolts to make sure they do not get water into the hole in the turbine blade and rust.
You are now ready to mount the generator.
Mounting The Generator
The final step is to mount the generator which converts the rotation of the turbine into electrical energy. The generator is simply coupled to the base of the turbine so that when the turbine rotates, the rotor of the generator is turned. You can used a commercially bought generator or alternator for the best efficiency or make your own simply one as described below.
In this guide we make a simple generator using an old jet water pump.
Take the cover off of an old water pump and glue magnets onto its rotor, equally spaced apart. Use a couple of of washing machine coils and glue these onto the housing such that they are aligned with the magnets. The magnets should pass over the coils as the pump rotates.
The pump generator should then be mounted below the turbine with the turbine shaft coupled to the pump blade.
To improve the efficiency of the output, place diodes in the configuration shown below across each coil. The diodes assist in keeping the flow of electricity in the same direction instead of reversing.
Your vertical axis wind turbine is now complete and ready to be coupled onto your charge controller to power your home or camping equipment.
Have you made your own vertical axis wind turbine? Let us know in the comments section below or send us your pictures to include in this post, we would love to hear from you.
Is your leather jacket feeling too tight? Have you messed oil on your favorite shirt? We have a solution! Here are 21 ways you can repair, clean and alter your favorite clothing and shoe items so that you don’t have to throw them out.
Make sure you bookmark or pin this page for future reference.
Clothing Hacks
Spray your sweaty clothing with lemon juice and water before throwing them in the wash to reduce discolouration and sweat marks. If the stains have already set in, try out sweat stain removal trick using baking soda.
Reduce the drying time of your wet clothes by absorbing the excess water in a dry towel, simply roll your clothes up in the towel and stand on it to squeeze them out.
youtube.com
Get a stuck zipper loose by rubbing a crayon on both sides of the zipper.
Re thread your hoodie or pants cord by stapling the end inside a straw and then pulling the straw through the holes.
lifehacker.com
Use a disposable razor to pull pills from and old hoodie or sweatshirt.
wikihow.com
Un-shrink your favorite sweater by soaking it in warm water and hair conditioner for around ten minutes.
Jenny Chang / BuzzFeed
Get chewing gumout of your clothing by setting it in the freezer for a couple of hours or putting a bag of ice over it for a few minutes. It can then be easily scraped off with a butter knife.
wikihow.com
If you’re on vacation or simply don;t have an iron around, here are some clever ways to get the wrinkles out of your clothes.
Yumi Sakugawa / Via yumisakugawa.com
Skip using fabric softener and add a couple of drops of lavender essential oil into your laundry for the best smelling clothes. You could also save a fortune by trying our homemade fabric softener recipe.
Nikilitov / Getty Images
Alter a pair of jeans which don’t fit you anymore with this clever hack.
cottonandcurls.com
And if thats too much effort then simply use a rubber band!
inhabitots.com
Shaving cream works amazingly well to remove makeup from your shirt collars.
Bananastock / Getty Images
Use baby powder to get oil stains out of your clothing. Place some over the stain and allow it to sit for several minutes to absorb the oil.
feminya.com
Rub white bread on lipstick stains to remove them.
Andrewsafonov / Getty Images
Shoe Hacks
Repair holes in your shoes with a bicycle puncture repair kit.
Use a slice of stale bread to rub stains out of suede shoes.
video.about.com
Stretch out a pair of tight boots by putting on a couple of pairs of socks and then blasting them with the hair dryer.
Julie Gerstein / BuzzFeed
Please unused tea bags into your shoes to stop them smelling.
Showcake / Getty Images
Or cut a dryer sheet in half and use one in each shoe to get rid of odors. Have a look at these other amazing uses for dryer sheets you may not know about.
naturalremedyideas.com
Get your sneakers looking new again with an amazing magic eraser.
jet.com
Do you have any clothing or shoe hacks which we haven’t put onto our list? Let us know in the comments section below.
Most of us spend far too much time in front of the TV. Here is a system for automatically limiting when and how long the TV can be on for. The system works by controlling the input signal going to the TV by adding a relay switch to the input cable. When certain conditions are met, the relay is turned on and the TV is able to receive the input signal. Using an Arduino microcontroller, you can program the system to only allow the TV to be on for a certain amount of time each day or between certain hours. You can setup a pin code so that only certain people can turn it on. You could even set it up so that the TV will not turn on unless you have done a certain amount of exercise that day. The system is very versatile and can be customized to fit your needs.
This project assumes you know the basics of Arduino programming, otherwise read our article on getting started with Arduino.
What You Need To Build The Arduino TV Limiting System
Arduino Microcontroller and Power Supply – Buy Here & Here
5V Relay (the coil current must be less than 30mA) – Buy Here
The instructions are broken up into three sections, building the relay control circuit, uploading the time limiting sketch to the Arduino and finally adding additional sensors and controls.
Building The Relay Control Circuit
The control circuit for this project is very simple. It is basically just an Arduino microcontroller and a 5 volt relay. In order to power the relay directly from the Arduino, the coil of the relay needs to be rated for 30 mA or less.
If your relay requires more than 30 mA, then you need to add a transistor to drive the relay.
The normally open terminal and common terminal of the relay are connected to the input cable. The coil of the relay is connected to one of the digital pins and one of the GND pins on the Arduino. A diode is connected in parallel with the coil of the relay to protect the Arduino from voltage spikes that can occur when the relay turns off.
Normally the digital pin is set LOW. This means that the relay is turned off and the two halves of the input wire are disconnected. In this state, the signal cannot reach the TV. But when the digital pin is set HIGH, the relay turns on and connects the two halves of the input cable. This is how the Arduino determines when the TV receives the signal from the input device.
The first thing that you need to do is get a connector cable that matches the input terminals on your TV and the signal source. The most common types are Coaxial cable, RCA cable, and HDMI cable.
Next we need to cut the connector cable in the middle. Then strip off about 2 inches of the outer most layer of insulation to expose the first layer of internal wires.
Separate and peel back these wires to expose the next layer of insulation. Strip off about half of this exposed section of insulation. This will reveal the inner wires. Twist the first set of wires together. Then twist the second set of wires together. You should now have two separate strands of wires that you can connect these wires to a relay switching circuit.
This simple procedure will work well for RCA cables and coxial cables. However, HDMI cables are a little more complicated. There are a lot of wires inside an HDMI cable. If you want to try to manually separate the wires of an HDMI cable you will need a lot of time and patience and you need to be very careful. An alternate method that might make things easier is to use an HDMI break-out board such as this one.
Start with a blank piece of perf board. Solder the relay onto one side of the board. Then solder the diode onto the board adjacent to the relay and connect the leads of the diode to the coil terminals of the relay. Next you need to connect the wires from the input cable.
The inner most sets of wires can just be soldered back together by attaching them to adjacent holes and connecting them with a bead of solder. The outer set of wires in each cable will all be grouped together. With RCA cable these wires are all connected together as a ground. So it won’t affect the signal. These wires are soldered to the board. Then a jumper wire connects them to the switch terminals of the relay.
The last connections to make are the wires that will connect to the Arduino. Connect one wire to each terminal of the relay’s coil.
Now you need to connect the relay circuit to the Arduino. Connect the wires from the relay board to the Arduino so that the anode of the diode is connected to one of the GND pins on the board. Then take the wire that is connected to the cathode of the diode and plug that into one of the digital pins on the Arduino board.
It is very important that you get these polarities correct. If you accidentally reverse them, you could destroy the Arduino.
Find a large insulated project enclosure. Then attach the relay circuit and the Arduino to the inside of the housing with a small drop of hot glue. A small drop of hot glue will be just enough to hold the boards in place but still allow you to remove them later if you want.
Cut holes and slots in the back of the housing for the cables and power cords and sensor wires.
Uploading The Time Limiting Sketch
Now you can upload your sketch onto your Arduino, if you haven’t uploaded a sketch before then follow this guide on getting started.
The simplest kind of control program is a window timer. Here is a very basic example of this. Once the system is activated, the TV will be connected for 1 hour (3600000 milliseconds). Then it will be off for 23 hours (82800000 milliseconds). This will create a one hour window each day where the TV can be watched. You can easily change the timing of this by changing the values in the code.
//The DIY Life
//12 April 2017
//Michael Klements
int relayPin = 12; //Define pin used to control the input signal relay
void setup()
{
pinMode (relayPin, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite (relayPin, HIGH); //Turn the input signal relay on
delay(3600000); //Wait one hour
digitalWrite (relayPin, LOW); //Turn the input signal relay off
delay(82800000); //Wait 24 hours
}
Alternatively, you could set up a button to activate the TV watching time. This would let the user select when the TV may be on but still limit the total number of hours per day that it is on.
Adding Additional Sensors And Controls
Most ways that you might set up your TV limiting system will requires sensors of one kind or another and these need to be connected to your Arduino. Connecting sensors to an Arduino is easy. There are two main kinds of inputs with an Arduino. There are analog inputs and there are digital inputs.
Analog inputs detect the relative voltage of a signal. To measure an analog input, connect the ground wire of the sensor to one of the GND pin on the Arduino. Then connect the signal wire to one of the analog input pins on the Arduino. Then set this pin to input mode and use the analogRead function in the Arduino code. The Arduino will then measure the voltage of the input signal and turn it into an integer value between 0 and 1023. This corresponds to a voltage between 0 and 5 volts. Analog inputs are a good way to monitor signals that change over time.
Digital inputs just detect whether a signal is above a certain threshold voltage (3 volts for a 5 volt Arduino). These are useful for detecting simple on-off states. Is the signal there or not. To use this king of input, connect the ground wire from the sensor to one of the GND pins on the Arduino. Connect the signal wire to one of the digital pins on the Arduino. Then set this pin to input mode and use the digitalRead function in the Arduino code. The Arduino will then measure the voltage of the input signal and register it as either HIGH (above 3 volts) or LOW (below 3 volts).
You could also customise the TV time limiter to work with various sensors and controls to enable bypasses or restrict use until a certain activity has been carried out. Here are some examples.
Set Up a Pass Code for Authorized Users to Activate the TV
A variation on the design that you could implement involves setting a pass code so that only authorized users can turn the TV on. This can easily be done with the TV remote. All you need to do is add an infrared receiver to the Arduino. You can check out an example of how to do that here:
Create a Sensor to Only Turn on the TV If You Have Exercised
Our favorite way to control a TV limiting system is with exercise. The simplest way to do this is to set up a sensor on an exercise bike that will send a signal to the control circuit when someone is pedaling. This will let you program the system to only let the TV be on while someone is exercising on the exercise bike. The more you want to watch TV, the more you have to exercise. You can see a good example of this kind of system in the project “No TV unless you exercise!“.
Only Turn The TV On When Someone Is Active
You can use the heart rate sensor to measure how active the person is being. So you can program the system to only let the TV be only while the person’s heart rate is elevated. Or you could program it to only turn on if the person has had their heart rate above a set level for a certain number of minutes a day (indicating that the person has exercised).
Using Your TV Time Limiting System
Set up the box with the control circuit near your TV. Then plug one end of the cable into your TV and plug the other end into the signal source. An RCA cable is used here to connect an XBOX 360 to the TV. Lastly connect your chosen sensors that will control they system.
This system is an interesting way to cut back on the amount of TV that we consume. Use your imagination and have fun.
This post is based on a System for Automatically Limiting TV Time by DIY Hacks and How Tos and is modified and used under the Creative Commons license CC BY NC SA.
Many of us are in the middle of Spring fever. We’re loving the warmer weather, the fun pastel colors and we’re preparing for Easter. One of my favorite snacks since childhood has been pudding cups. For a fun snack I thought I’d come up with something quick, festive and convenient for your Easter egg hunts or dessert tables, Bunny Pudding Cups. These were so much fun to make and the pudding and cake combo was too good.
If you’d like to put a few options out on the table then try our white chocolate mousse and jelly dessert cups. Simply replace the red jelly with green jelly and you’ve got another delicious dessert option.
What You’ll Need To Make The Bunny Pudding Cups
Chocolate Pudding Cups
Chocolate Cake
Frosting: White or Chocolate, Green
White Candy Melt
Shredded Coconut Flakes
Mini Marshmallows (One Per Pudding Cup)
How To Make The Bunny Pudding Cups
Crumble the chocolate cake into small pieces with your hands or with a food processor. Sprinkle the cake crumbles onto the pudding cups to create dirt.
Add a dollop of frosting and combine to create a cake dough. Shape the dough into small tablespoon sized balls. Place on parchment or waxed paper and refrigerate for 15 minutes.
Melt the white candy melt or white chocolate. Use a fork or toothpick to roll the cake ball into the candy melt and cover completely. Allow to excess to drip away then roll in the coconut flakes. Set aside and allow the coating to harden. Then nestle into the cake dirt.
Shape a small bit of fondant into little bunny feet. Use pink fondant for the pads of the feet. Then attach to the bunny using white chocolate or candy coating. If you don’t have fondant you can also make the feet out of candy melt. Just melt a small amount an make an oval shape on waxed paper then allow to harden. You can use edible pink marker, pink fondant, or frosting for the pads.
Lastly, put green frosting into a small sandwich bag and cut the corner to pipe grass around the bunny. And you’re done!
Enjoy your bunnies before they hop away! If you love chocolate desserts then you’ll think our chocolate lasagne is amazing, try it out!
If you enjoyed this article, please share it on Pinterest.
This post is based on Bunny Pudding Cups by Marishas Couture and was used and modified under the Creative Commons license CC BY NC SA.
